John G. Perry
Male, ID #65311, b. before 1926
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- John G. Perry was born before 1926.
- He married Betty Joan Ellis, daughter of Richard Thomas William Ellis and Edith May Willmore, circa November 1946 registered in Camberwell, SRY, ENG.
Family: John G. Perry and Betty Joan Ellis
Ellen Snell
Female, ID #65312, b. circa February 1840, d. circa November 1926
- Father: John Snell (c 1785 - c 1861)
- Mother: Susanna Ostler (c 1797 - 1849)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 4th cousin 4 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants (#1), Thomas Early's Descendants (#2)
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Ellen Snell was born circa February 1840 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She married William Edward Early, son of William Early and Mary Jane Yale, on Tuesday, 22 December 1868 in Therfield, HRT, ENG.
- She died circa November 1926 registered in Winchester, HAM, ENG.
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Early.
Census Appearance(s)
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 6 June 1841 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 30 March 1851 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 7 April 1861 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen and William Edward Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1871 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen and William Edward Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 3 April 1881 in West Meon, HAM, ENG.
- Ellen and William Edward Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen and William Edward Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
- Ellen and William Edward Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
Children of Ellen Snell and William Edward Early
- Frank Yale Early+ (1871 - 1956)
- Grace Ellen Early (1873 - 1877)
- George Samuel Early+ (1876 - 1964)
- Minnie Ethel Early (circa 1878 - circa 1878)
- Ellen May Early+ (1879 - 1966)
- Charles John Early+ (1881 - 1965)
- Daisy Florence Early (1885 - circa 1970)
John Snell
Male, ID #65313, b. circa 1785, d. circa May 1861
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- John Snell was born circa 1785 in Halstead, ESS, ENG.
- He married Susanna Ostler, daughter of Thomas Early and Ann Ostler, before 1820.
- He died circa May 1861 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
Census Appearance(s)
- John and Susanna Ostler appeared on the census of Sunday, 6 June 1841 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- John and Susanna Ostler appeared on the census of Sunday, 6 June 1841 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- John appeared on the census of Sunday, 30 March 1851 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
Children of John Snell and Susanna Ostler
- Anne Snell (between 1820 and 1821 - 1843)
- Mary Ann Snell (before 1824 - )
- Emma Snell (between 1825 and 1826 - 1897)
- James Snell (between 1825 and 1826 - )
- Sarah Snell (before 1829 - )
- Thomas John Snell+ (1832 - 1907)
- Daniel James Snell+ (1834 - 1919)
- Maria Snell (1836 - )
- Ellen Snell+ (circa 1840 - circa 1926)
- Edwin Snell+ (circa 1842 - 1932)
Susanna Ostler
Female, ID #65314, b. circa 1797, d. 15 May 1849
- Father: Thomas Early (1755 - c 1827)
- Mother: Ann Ostler (b 1776 - c 1850)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 3rd cousin 5 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Susanna Ostler was born illegitimately circa 1797 in Halstead, ESS, ENG.
- She was baptised on Tuesday, 18 April 1797 in Halstead, ESS, ENG.
- She married John Snell before 1820.
- She died on Tuesday, 15 May 1849 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
Other Names Used
- She was also known as Susan.
- Her married name was Snell.
- She was also known as Early.
Census Appearance(s)
- Susanna and John Snell appeared on the census of Sunday, 6 June 1841 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Susanna and John Snell appeared on the census of Sunday, 6 June 1841 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
Children of Susanna Ostler and John Snell
- Anne Snell (between 1820 and 1821 - 1843)
- Mary Ann Snell (before 1824 - )
- Emma Snell (between 1825 and 1826 - 1897)
- James Snell (between 1825 and 1826 - )
- Sarah Snell (before 1829 - )
- Thomas John Snell+ (1832 - 1907)
- Daniel James Snell+ (1834 - 1919)
- Maria Snell (1836 - )
- Ellen Snell+ (circa 1840 - circa 1926)
- Edwin Snell+ (circa 1842 - 1932)
Frank Yale Early
Male, ID #65315, b. 28 June 1871, d. 29 April 1956
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Frank Yale Early was born on Wednesday, 28 June 1871 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- He married Adelina Jane Archer circa May 1898 registered in Epping, ESS, ENG.
- He died on Sunday, 29 April 1956 in Sunbury, MDX, ENG, (when age calculated as 84 years, 10 months and 1 day.)
Census Appearance(s)
- Frank appeared on the census of Sunday, 3 April 1881 in West Meon, HAM, ENG.
- Frank appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Frank and Adelina Jane Archer appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Frank and Adelina Jane Archer appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Clapham, SRY, ENG.
Children of Frank Yale Early and Adelina Jane Archer
- Frank Edward Early (circa 1899 - circa 1900)
- William Yale Early+ (1900 - 1964)
- Marjorie Adeline Early (1903 - )
- Kathleen Maud Early+ (1905 - 1997)
- John Edward Early (circa 1913 - 2000)
George Samuel Early
Male, ID #65316, b. 24 July 1876, d. 6 April 1964
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- George Samuel Early was born on Monday, 24 July 1876 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- He married Agnes Rowe on Monday, 23 April 1900 in Winchester, HAM, ENG, (when age calculated as 23 years, 8 months and 30 days.)
- He died on Monday, 6 April 1964 in Montreal, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 87 years, 8 months and 13 days.)
Census Appearance(s)
- George appeared on the census of Sunday, 3 April 1881 in West Meon, HAM, ENG.
- George appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- George and Agnes Rowe appeared on the census of 1911 in Jacques Cartier, QUE, CAN.
- George and Agnes Rowe appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Children of George Samuel Early and Agnes Rowe
- Ellen Marion Early+ (1900 - 1998)
- Agnes Grace Early (1903 - 1943)
- George Edward Early (1906 - 1948)
- Margery Early+ (1909 - 1950)
- Patricia Early (1912 - 1912)
- Lois Eileen Early (1915 - )
Ellen May Early
Female, ID #65317, b. 27 March 1879, d. 20 March 1966
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Ellen May Early was born on Thursday, 27 March 1879 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She married Vernon Richard Rowe circa November 1903 registered in Winchester, HAM, ENG.
- She died on Sunday, 20 March 1966 in Eastleigh, HAM, ENG, (when age calculated as 86 years, 11 months and 21 days.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Rowe.
Census Appearance(s)
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 3 April 1881 in West Meon, HAM, ENG.
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Putney, SRY, ENG.
- Ellen and Vernon Richard Rowe appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
Children of Ellen May Early and Vernon Richard Rowe
- Vernon Reginald Rowe (1904 - 1987)
- Evelyn May Rowe+ (between 1906 and 1907 - 2000)
Charles John Early
Male, ID #65318, b. 22 May 1881, d. 10 January 1965
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Charles John Early was born on Sunday, 22 May 1881 in West Meon, HAM, ENG.
- He married Florence Annie Fletcher Jones circa November 1902 registered in Wellington, SAL, ENG.
- He died on Sunday, 10 January 1965 in Moore, PA, USA, (when age calculated as 83 years, 7 months and 19 days.)
Census Appearance(s)
- Charles appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Charles appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Bristol, GLS, ENG.
- Charles and Florence Annie Fletcher Jones appeared on the census of 1911 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
- Charles and Florence Annie Fletcher Jones appeared on the census of 1920 in Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Children of Charles John Early and Florence Annie Fletcher Jones
- Florence Mary Early (1903 - )
- Charles Edward Early+ (1904 - 1973)
- Ellen Miriam Early (1907 - 1973)
- Edna Kathleen Georgina Early (1911 - 1998)
Daisy Florence Early
Female, ID #65319, b. 21 April 1885, d. circa August 1970
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Daisy Florence Early was born on Tuesday, 21 April 1885 in Beckenham, KEN, ENG.
- She married Albert Hunt circa November 1925 registered in Winchester, HAM, ENG.
- She died circa August 1970 registered in Winchester, HAM, ENG.
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Hunt.
Census Appearance(s)
- Daisy appeared on the census of Sunday, 5 April 1891 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Daisy appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
- Daisy appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
Family: Daisy Florence Early and Albert Hunt
Grace Ellen Early
Female, ID #65320, b. 24 July 1873, d. 15 July 1877
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Grace Ellen Early was born on Thursday, 24 July 1873 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She died on Sunday, 15 July 1877 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG, (when age calculated as 3 years, 11 months and 21 days.)
Minnie Ethel Early
Female, ID #65321, b. circa May 1878, d. circa May 1878
- Father: William Edward Early (c 1843 - 1925)
- Mother: Ellen Snell (c 1840 - c 1926)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 5th cousin 3 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Minnie Ethel Early was born circa May 1878 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She died circa May 1878 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
Adelina Jane Archer
Female, ID #65322, b. 24 March 1877, d. circa August 1963
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Adelina Jane Archer was born on Saturday, 24 March 1877 in Epping, ESS, ENG.
- She married Frank Yale Early, son of William Edward Early and Ellen Snell, circa May 1898 registered in Epping, ESS, ENG.
- She died circa August 1963 registered in Surrey North Eastern (Kingston), SRY, ENG.
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Early.
Census Appearance(s)
- Adelina and Frank Yale Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- Adelina and Frank Yale Early appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Clapham, SRY, ENG.
Children of Adelina Jane Archer and Frank Yale Early
- Frank Edward Early (circa 1899 - circa 1900)
- William Yale Early+ (1900 - 1964)
- Marjorie Adeline Early (1903 - )
- Kathleen Maud Early+ (1905 - 1997)
- John Edward Early (circa 1913 - 2000)
William Yale Early
Male, ID #65323, b. 28 July 1900, d. 24 June 1964
- Father: Frank Yale Early (1871 - 1956)
- Mother: Adelina Jane Archer (1877 - c 1963)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- William Yale Early was born on Saturday, 28 July 1900 in South Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- He married Dorothy May Amey circa August 1935 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
- He died on Wednesday, 24 June 1964 in Croydon, SRY, ENG, (when age calculated as 63 years, 10 months and 27 days.)
Census Appearance(s)
- William appeared on the census of Sunday, 31 March 1901 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- William appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Clapham, SRY, ENG.
Family: William Yale Early and Dorothy May Amey
Marjorie Adeline Early
Female, ID #65324, b. 22 January 1903
- Father: Frank Yale Early (1871 - 1956)
- Mother: Adelina Jane Archer (1877 - c 1963)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Marjorie Adeline Early was born on Thursday, 22 January 1903 in South Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She married Gerald Victor Appleton circa November 1927 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Appleton.
Census Appearance(s)
- Marjorie appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Clapham, SRY, ENG.
Family: Marjorie Adeline Early and Gerald Victor Appleton
Kathleen Maud Early
Female, ID #65325, b. 20 May 1905, d. January 1997
- Father: Frank Yale Early (1871 - 1956)
- Mother: Adelina Jane Archer (1877 - c 1963)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Kathleen Maud Early was born on Saturday, 20 May 1905 in South Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- She married Gordon Frederick John Youngman circa August 1932 registered in Farnham, SRY, ENG.
- She died in January 1997 registered in Surrey Northern (Kingston), SRY, ENG, (when age calculated as 91 years and 7 months.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Youngman.
Census Appearance(s)
- Kathleen appeared on the census of Sunday, 2 April 1911 in Clapham, SRY, ENG.
Family: Kathleen Maud Early and Gordon Frederick John Youngman
John Edward Early
Male, ID #65326, b. circa November 1913, d. December 2000
- Father: Frank Yale Early (1871 - 1956)
- Mother: Adelina Jane Archer (1877 - c 1963)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- John Edward Early was born circa November 1913 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
- He died in December 2000 registered in Leicester, LEI, ENG.
Gordon Frederick John Youngman
Male, ID #65327, b. 5 August 1908
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Gordon Frederick John Youngman was born on Wednesday, 5 August 1908.
- He married Kathleen Maud Early, daughter of Frank Yale Early and Adelina Jane Archer, circa August 1932 registered in Farnham, SRY, ENG.
Family: Gordon Frederick John Youngman and Kathleen Maud Early
Dorothy May Amey
Female, ID #65328, b. 8 July 1904, d. 29 May 1960
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Dorothy May Amey was born on Friday, 8 July 1904 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
- She married William Yale Early, son of Frank Yale Early and Adelina Jane Archer, circa August 1935 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
- She died on Sunday, 29 May 1960 in Godstone, SRY, ENG, (when age calculated as 55 years, 10 months and 21 days.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Early.
Family: Dorothy May Amey and William Yale Early
Gerald Victor Appleton
Male, ID #65330, b. 20 February 1902, d. circa August 1962
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Gerald Victor Appleton was born on Thursday, 20 February 1902.
- He married Marjorie Adeline Early, daughter of Frank Yale Early and Adelina Jane Archer, circa November 1927 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
- He died circa August 1962 registered in Ealing, MDX, ENG.
Family: Gerald Victor Appleton and Marjorie Adeline Early
Frank Edward Early
Male, ID #65331, b. circa May 1899, d. circa February 1900
- Father: Frank Yale Early (1871 - 1956)
- Mother: Adelina Jane Archer (1877 - c 1963)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Frank Edward Early was born circa May 1899 registered in Lambeth, SRY, ENG.
- He died circa February 1900 registered in Wandsworth, SRY, ENG.
Agnes Rowe
Female, ID #65334, b. 5 May 1879, d. 8 October 1959
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Agnes Rowe was born on Monday, 5 May 1879 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
- She married George Samuel Early, son of William Edward Early and Ellen Snell, on Monday, 23 April 1900 in Winchester, HAM, ENG, (when age calculated as 20 years, 11 months and 18 days.)
- She died on Thursday, 8 October 1959 in St. Rose, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 80 years, 5 months and 3 days.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Early.
Census Appearance(s)
- Agnes and George Samuel Early appeared on the census of 1911 in Jacques Cartier, QUE, CAN.
- Agnes and George Samuel Early appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Children of Agnes Rowe and George Samuel Early
- Ellen Marion Early+ (1900 - 1998)
- Agnes Grace Early (1903 - 1943)
- George Edward Early (1906 - 1948)
- Margery Early+ (1909 - 1950)
- Patricia Early (1912 - 1912)
- Lois Eileen Early (1915 - )
Ellen Marion Early
Female, ID #65335, b. 8 July 1900, d. 16 September 1998
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Ellen Marion Early was born on Sunday, 8 July 1900 in Bishopstoke, HAM, ENG.
- She married Reginald Charles Clayson in 1926 in CAN (when age calculated as 25 years.)
- She died on Wednesday, 16 September 1998 in Niagara Falls, ONT, CAN, (when age calculated as 98 years, 2 months and 8 days.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Clayson.
Census Appearance(s)
- Ellen appeared on the census of 1911 in Jacques Cartier, QUE, CAN.
- Ellen appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Child of Ellen Marion Early and Reginald Charles Clayson
- Howard Ronald Earle Clayson (1927 - 2021)
Patricia Early
Female, ID #65336, b. 9 January 1912, d. 26 January 1912
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Patricia Early was born on Tuesday, 9 January 1912 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
- She died on Friday, 26 January 1912 in Montreal, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 17 days.)
Lois Eileen Early
Female, ID #65337, b. 1915
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Lois Eileen Early was born in 1915 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Census Appearance(s)
- Lois appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Agnes Grace Early
Female, ID #65338, b. 17 April 1903, d. 17 January 1943
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Agnes Grace Early was born on Friday, 17 April 1903 in Portsmouth, HAM, ENG.
- She died on Sunday, 17 January 1943 in St Eustache, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 39 years and 9 months.)
Other Names Used
- She was also known as Grace.
Census Appearance(s)
- Agnes appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
George Edward Early
Male, ID #65339, b. 7 August 1906, d. 28 March 1948
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- George Edward Early was born on Tuesday, 7 August 1906 in Manchester, LAN, ENG.
- He married Jacqueline Derouin after 1926 in CAN.
- He died on Sunday, 28 March 1948 in Montreal, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 41 years, 7 months and 21 days.)
Other Names Used
- He was also known as Edward.
Census Appearance(s)
- George appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Family: George Edward Early and Jacqueline Derouin
Margery Early
Female, ID #65340, b. 17 May 1909, d. 24 September 1950
- Father: George Samuel Early (1876 - 1964)
- Mother: Agnes Rowe (1879 - 1959)
- Relationship to Jay Glanville: 6th cousin 2 times removed.
- Charts: Thomas Early's Descendants
Birth, Marriage and Death information
- Margery Early was born on Monday, 17 May 1909 in Manchester, LAN, ENG.
- She married Albert McCullough Briggs before 1942.
- She died on Sunday, 24 September 1950 in Lachine, QUE, CAN, (when age calculated as 41 years, 4 months and 7 days.)
Other Names Used
- Her married name was Briggs.
Census Appearance(s)
- Margery appeared on the census of 1921 in Montreal, QUE, CAN.
Children of Margery Early and Albert McCullough Briggs
- Margot Lee Briggs (1942 - 1950)
- Susan Eileen Briggs (1946 - 2012)